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 Mycetoma

Posted By Admin    on 18-12-2021    Comments (10)

heterogenous group of fungal infections  - characterized by development of clinical lesions in subcutaneous tissues at the site of inoculation of etiological agents

MYCETOMA
SPOROTRICHOSIS
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
LOBOMYCOSIS

MYCETOMA
Slowly progressive chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues with involvement of underlying fasciae and bones usually affecting extemities
Triad – tumefaction of affected tissue,formation of multiple draining sinuses,presence of oozing granules
Granules – clusters of organisms within the infected tissues also called as grains

EUMYCETOMA
FUNGI
BLACK GRAIN EUMYCETOMA 
Madurella mycetomatis
Exophiala jeanselmei
Curvularia geniculata
White grain Eumycetoma
Pseudoallescheria boydii
Aspergillus nidulans
Acremonium falciforme
Fusarium 
Actinomycetoma
Bacterial
Actinomadura madurae
Nocardia
Streptomyces
Pathogenesis and pathology
Causative agent in saprotrophic soil – traumatic inoculation
Organisms – centre of microabscess formed by polymorphonuclear cells
Aggregates of filaments of causative organisms
LAB DIAGNOSIS
Eumycetoma
2-6μm  wide interwoven hyphae ,
Sabouraud dextrose agar

Actinomycetoma
Filamentous bacteria 0.5-1μm
Lowenstein –Jensen media


TREATMENT

Eumycetoma – itraconazole 100mg BD – 8-24 months
Actinomycetoma – Welsh regimen – amikacin & cotrimoxazole 5 weeks
Surgery – debridement of infected tissue with split graft




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 CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

Posted By Admin    on 18-12-2021    Comments (10)

Chronic fungal infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue
•Phaeoid (dematiaceous )fungi
•Polmorphic,verrucoid,crusted or ulcerated lesion
Sclerotic bodies - pathognomonic
Clinical features
Verrucous lesions  -ulcerated –raised above 1-3 cm above skin  with rough irregular surfaces  -cauliflower like – verrucose dermatitis ,common in Lower leg
LAB DIAGNOSIS
KOH mount – muriform or sclerotic bodies 
Specimen – skin scrapings or biopsy specimens from dry ,crusty material
Fungal culture – SDA with actidione 
Treatment 
itraconazole 


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 PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

Posted By Admin    on 18-12-2021    Comments (10)

Subcutaneous and systemic infection – caused by various heterogenous groups of phaeoid (dematiaceous) fungi
Fungi found in hyphal form in tissues
Lab diagnosis
1.KOH mounts – fungi usually pigmented – dark brown in colour 
2.Fungal culture – SDA 

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Categories

  • BACTERIOLOGY
  • IMMUNOLOGY
  • Virology
  • Parasitology
  • Mycology
  • general microbiology
  • CASE BASED SERIES
  • COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION
  • infective syndromes

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