Microkalanjiyam

 

 Chlamydia trachomatis

Posted By Admin    on 11-08-2021    Comments (10)

- Gram negative obligate intracellular parasite
- Coccoid in morphology,350 nm in diameter
Life cycle
1. Elementary body attaches to host cell
2. Host cell phagocytoses the elementary body residing in a vacuole inhibiting phagosome- lysosome fusion
3. Elementary body reorganizes to form a reticulate body 
4. Reticulate body divides by binary fission
5. Some reticulate bodies convert back into elementary bodies;elementary bodies are released into host cell
[Elementary body]
Non dividing 300 nm infectious particle with an outer membrane with disulfide linkage that allows it to survive extracellularly 
Chandelier sign
Severe cervical motion tenderness  during bimanual exam characterisitic of Pelvic infammatory disease

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 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Posted By Admin    on 11-08-2021    Comments (10)

Ubiquitous aerobic gram negative bacillus
- Polar flagella, moist areas
- Reservoirs in  a hospital include sinks, toilets,mops,respiratory  therapy and dialysis equipment
- Intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and disinfectants
- Polysaccharide capsule- adhere to epithelial cells
- Cystic fibrosis-mucoid-presence of capsule 
- Multiple toxins and enzymes
- Mutations of these porin proteins   -  antibiotic resistance
(antibiotic entry into bacteria these pores
Multidrug efflux pumps and β lactamase producers
Diffusible pigment Pycocyanin- blue colour(flourescin yellow)
Pyorubin(red-brown colour)

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 Haemophilus influenza

Posted By Admin    on 11-08-2021    Comments (10)

Conventional blood agar not suitable for recovery of Haemophilus species that require v factor for growth because of the presence of v factor- inactivating enzymes in native sheep blood. Rabbit or horse blood does not contain these enzymes and agar media containing either of these blood products support the growth of most haemophilus species at 35-37ºC in a moist environment and increased CO2(5.7%)

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 Gardnerella Vaginalis

Posted By Admin    on 11-08-2021    Comments (10)

Gram +ve, Gram –ve, Gram variable
  1. PG-> 20% of total cell wall weight E.coli -23%
  2. Don’t contain compounds Normally present in gram negative cell wall LPS
  3. Eg.meso-DAP,2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octonoic acid,hydroxyl fatty acids
  4. (meso-DAP,arabinogalactans,mycolic acid) absents confirms distinct from gram +ve cell wall type found in corynebacterium spp
  5. Digests of G.vaginalis cell wall-alanine, glutamic acid,glycine,lysine,glu,gal, 
Virulence factors
  1. Fibrillar exopolysacchride-adherence of organism to vaginal epithelial cells
  2. Pili-mucosal adherence
  3. Extracellular cytolysin-mw 59 to63 KDa,specificity for human RBCS,100 fold higher content of this cytolysin-> lysis of other animal RBCs,lyse endothelial cells,PMNs
  4. Cytolysin-specific IgA is vaginal fluids of women bacterial vaginosis
  5. Phospolipase C lecithin-phosphorycholine +1,2 - diglyceride.                                         

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  • BACTERIOLOGY
  • IMMUNOLOGY
  • Virology
  • Parasitology
  • Mycology
  • general microbiology
  • CASE BASED SERIES
  • COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION
  • infective syndromes

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