Microkalanjiyam

Antimicrobial action

Posted By Admin on 31-10-2021 Comments (10)

Bacteriostatic agents : Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism
Bactericidal agents : Agents that usually kill target organisms .
basic steps in antimicroial activity - active drug,anatomic approximation,surface binding ,intracellular uptake ,target binding results in either growth inhibition or lysis and death

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Mechanisms of Resistance

Posted By Admin on 05-11-2021 Comments (10)

1.Enzymatic inactivation : Beta -lactamases ,penicillinases

,cephalosporinases,carbapenemases,aminoglycoside modifying enzymes

2.Altered receptors : altered penicillin binding proteins of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria,ribosomal alterations (tetracycline,erythromycin,aminoglycosides),DNA gyrase alterations (quinolones) and altered bacterial enzymes (sulfamethoxazole,trimethoprim)

3.Altered antibiotic transport : decreased influx,active efflux

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Microorganism mediated antimicrobial resistance

Posted By Admin on 05-11-2021 Comments (10)

Antimicrobial resistance due to genetic traits of organism and to be detected by in -vitro susceptibility testing methods. It is of two types 1.intrinsic 2.acquired

1.Intrinsic resistance :

resistance due to normal genetic ,structural,or physiologic state of a microorganism

Examples :

1.aminoglycosides - intrinsically resistant to anaerobic bacteria due to lack of oxidative metabolism

2.Aztreonam - intrinsically resistant to Gram positive bacteria due to lack of penicillin binding proteins

3.Pseudomonas - intrinsically resistant to sulfonamides,trimethoprim,tetracycline or chloramphenicol - inability to achieve effective intracellular concentrations.

4.Klebsiella - intrinsically resistant to ampicillin due to beta - lactamases

5.Vancomycin against Gram negative bacteria - drug unable to penetrate outer membrane

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MicroKalanjiyam

BACTERIOLOGY

Antimicrobial action

Mechanisms of Resistance

Microorganism mediated antimicrobial resistance

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